Our Friend, Global Climate Change
Then yesterday, the BBC ran this article, which is apparently based on this other article in Nature magazine, which concludes that H. neanderthalensis survived much later than previously thought, and that it was a global climate change some 30,000 years ago which finally wiped them out and made room for our ancestors.
Cultures are unstable; nations are unstable; species are unstable. Science fiction writers who write of recognizably Western liberal human cultures 50,000 years in the future are suffering from a failure of imagination.
Just like poor old Cousin Neander.